Hydraulic air-pump.



P. LEWIS.

HYDRAULIC AIR PUMP. I

APPLIGATION FILED AUG. 15. 1907.

Patented May 25, 1909.

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PERRY LEWIS, OF MANKATO, MINNESOTA.

HYDRAULIC AIR-PUMP.

Patented May 25, 1909.

Serial No. 388,678.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, PERRY Lewis, a citizen of the United States, residing at Mankato, in the county of Blue Earth and State of Minnesota, have invented new and useful lmprovements in Hydraulic Air-Pumps, of which the following is a specification.

The improvements relate to hydraulic air pumps designed to operate automatically, and consist in a check valve which may be adapted to various pumps of this general character, and in certain arrangements and combinations of elements relating to the type of pump in which the water acts as a piston, and especially to the type in which the compression chamber comprises a pressure chamber and an overflow chamber, all as hereinafter set forth and pointed out in claims.

The object of the improvements is the production of an automatic air pump which is simple, durable, reliable and compact.

The object of each particular improvement will appear from the detailed description.

The preferred embodiment of the improvements is illustrated in the accompanying plate of drawings, as follows: Figures 1, 2, and 3 severallyT illustrate different phases of operation. Fig. 1 is a vertical section in a plane which bisects symmetricallj.r all of the parts 5 Fig. 2 is a central section as viewed from the right of Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 is a section similar to Fig. 1 and showing alternative constructions. Fig. 4 illustrates a common method of securing together a base and a dome which form the easing. Fig. 5 is a plan view of the base, a diaphragm, and parts secured to the diaphragm. parts are shown partly broken away so as to show parts below them. Fig. 6 is a view from below, partly in section, of a part forming the exhaust outlet. Fig. 7 is a plan view of air-inlet diaphragm-valve. The central opening through this valve is a relief outlet. Fig. 8 is a top view of a piece which forms the air-inlet valve-seat below and the check-valve-seat above. This .piece is referred to by name as a seat. Figs. 9 and 10 are plan views, respectively, of a rubber disk and a metal disk which are parts of the check valve.

Like numerals refer to like parts.

Fig. 1 is designed expressly forthe Ojic'icl Gazette and accordingly has no numerals on Upper it. References are to Fig. 3

stated.

The dome forms the compression chamber comprising a pressure chamber 12 and an overflow chamber 14. The pressure chamber is formed by and within a funnel-shaped y tube 15 supported by an arm 16 (shown in Figs. 1. and 3 and numbered in Fig. 3) united to the tube and secured to the side of the dome, and the space surrounding the tube v15 is the overflow-chamber space.

The upper part of the tube 15 is made of sheet metal. The lower part of the tube and the arm 16 are made of cast metal in one piece, and the arm is screw-threaded at its end. The sheet metal part or piece is placed within the dome first, and then the cast metal piece is screwed into a threaded opening in the side of the dome, and the two pieces are united by soldering. The tube is non-removable. The end of the arm extends outside the dome and affords connection for a down-pipe. 1n Fig. 3 the tube is shown removable by a construction which is understod readily from the drawing. The rim of tube 1.5 is at two levels, forming an overow edge 17 and a non-overflow edge 18.

ln Fig. 3 is shown a reservoir 13 formed by and between the tube 15 and a tube 15 within and united to the tube 15. The upper portion of the pressure chamber 12 then is limited to the space within the tube 15. The top of the tube 15 is a little higher than the overflow edge 17. An orifice 19 is adapted to drain the reservoir slowly into the pressure chamber. The lower end of the tube 15 forms a seat for a valve 2() adapted to shut off communication between the chambers 12 and 14. To provide against any leakage at this valve into the chamber 14, a channel 21 is formed in the seat, and an outlet 22, formed in the arm 16, connects the channel with the atmosphere. By this means any leakage passes off as waste. The outlet 22 is also the exhaust outlet, being made suitably large for that purpose, and i the valve is referred to by name as the i exhaust valve. The distinguishing characteristic of this exhaust valve is that when open it presents two apertures. Doubleseat valves, as commonly used, have this characteristic, and l use the term doubleseat to designate the type broadly. 23 represents the inner rim or seat and 24 the I outer rim or seat which together form the onl),v when so double-seat- To close this valve 20, a 'ilexible diaphragm 2.5 is secured between the hase and dome, the valve is secured to the diaphragm, a central opening is formed in the valve and through the diaphragm, and a water-column pipe 26 is secured to the edge of the opening. The water-column pipe thus communicates with an intermediate chamber 27 formed below the diaphragm7 and opens at its top into the pressure chamber. A water inlet 28 looks upward into the intermediate chamber.

A spider 3() is secured to the lower face of the diaphragm by means of an annular plate 29 on the upper face of the diaphragm and screws which enter holes in the spider diaphragm and engage screw threads in correspondingl holes in the annular plate; and a reliet' air-valve 31, arranged centrally and adapted to open against the air pressure by the direct action ot' .its gravity, extends through the water-column pipe 26 and meets the spider. By this construction the diaphragm is operatively connected to the relief valve. The spider has an annular footplate (see Fig. 5) which corresponds with the annular plate 29 and serves to prevent excessive sagging ot' the diaphragm when the diaphragm is pressed downward and upward equally by the water. The relief valve 31. operates also to close the water inlet, either by resting on the spider with the spider adapted to rest on the inlet, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, or by itself resting on the inlet with the spider adapted to rest on the base, as shown in Fig. 3. The former is the more simple construction. The latter is preferred only when it is desirable to use a facing of soft material for closing the inlet. The facing is secured in place by a flange nut, as shown, and is easily renewed by lifting the valve out through an opening at the top ot the dome. A shoulder 32, whereby the valve 81 is adapted to meet the spider, is formed on the flange nut and has a tace l by this construction, in the upward moveg ment of the valves 2O and 31, the valve 20 has uptake to the fingers 33 before the water inlet is opened. This is understood readily by observing the position of the valve 20 as shown in F A gate 34, alongside the seat 24, on the side adjacent the outlet 92 is united to one i seat.

of the Alingers 33. The opening at the top ol: the dome is through a neck 35. A seat 36 covers this opening and a cage 37 rests on the The seat is annular-ly slightlyr concave above and has a plurality ol' small outlets 38 through it opening into the concavity (see Fig. 8). To close these outlets, an annular rubber disk 39 is secured at its outer edge between the cage and seat and extends over and beyond the concavity, and an annular metal disk 40 has loose guidance and limited. up-and-down movement within the cage and has a tlat lower face adapted to press the inner edge ot' the rubber disk against the seat. By this construction the metal disk does not press the rubber disk against the seat immediately about the outlets, so that a small amount of pressure from below, in excess ot' lnick-pressure, lit'ts the rubber disk otl` the outlets and then communicates to a large area of the rubber disk and readily lifts the metal disk. .Vhen up the metal disk forms a guard, preventing excessive upward l'lexing oiu the rubber disk (see Fig. 1).

rlhe seat 36 is concave below and at its Center', either as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, forms an air-inlet valve-seat, the inlet 41 being through a nipple formed on the side, or as shown in Fig. 3, has a central bore, the inlet then being through a central nipple on the top of the cage and through stud 42 on the cage, the stud resting on the seat 36 with a reduced portion extending through the, bore and forming the air-inlet valve-seat.

An air-inlet diaphragm-valve 43 is secured in place by having its margin between the neck and seat 36, and has perforations 44 near its margin, and the relief outlet 45 is through it. The relief valve 31 has guidance .vithin the neck and, in moving upward to close the outlet 45, carries upward and closes the inlet diaphragm-valve. The perforations 44 are passages through which the air Hows from the air inlet to the chambers 12 and 1 4 and trom the chambers 12 and 14 to the outlets 3S.

The diaphragm valve 43, seat 36, and rubber disk 39 are shown, respectively, in Figs.

7, 8, 9, as having each four marginal openings. The cage 8.7 has similar openings. By means of these openings the four parts are strung onto four tie-rods .vhich extend upward trom the neck 35 and thus are held concentrically in position. The tie-rods are threaded at their ends, and nuts engage the threads and bear against the top of the cage.

The air outlet is either through a nipple on the side of the cage, as shown in Fig. 1, or on the top ot' the cage, as shown in Fig. 3. The obj ect in having the nipples on the top of the cage is to permit of securing the cage and seat in place by means of screw threads on the neck and a liange nut engaging the screw threads, as shown in Fig. 3, presenting the neater appearance.

The diaphragm valve 43 is shown in Figs. l the top of the pipe and determines the 1 and 2 as flexible throughout. determines and practically is the seat for the relief valve 31. This simple construction is adapted to the work of compressing air to a low pressure. Vfhen the air is to be compressed to a high pressure, a non-flexible disk 46, on which is formed a smaller seat, is secured to the diaphragm, and the valve 31 is 'faced with rubber, as shown in Fig. 3.

The movable parts being normally down and the water inlet closed (Fig. 3), the pump must be primed. This is done by removing the parts secured to the neck and lifting the 'valve 3.1. TWhen the construction is as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, this lifting of the valve 31 so far reduces the weight on the water inlet that the remaining weight is overcome by the pressure of the supply leading to the inlet. ldlhen the construction is as shown in Fig. 3, lifting the valve 31 opens the inlet so that the water enters freely. llfhen the water has filled the chamber 27 and has risen somewhat into the pipe 26, the pump is primed and the removed parts may be replaced. The water in the pipe 26 'forms a water-column. which, b v .resting on the intermediate body of water in the chamber 27, presses upward on the diaphragm and upholds the valves 31 and 20. When the water-column is short, giving but little upward pressure on the diaphragm, the valve 2O is lifted Vfrom its normal position on the arms of the spider up to and against the fingers l 3 and, if the construction is as shown in Fig. 3, the spider SO is lifted up against the shoulder 32. After this the valves 2() and 31 move upward. together until the valve 2O becomes seated and by the time the pipe 26 is full of water, the valve 31 is further and Yfully uplifted. The valve 31 carries upward the airinlet valve i3 and effects a complete closure of the air inlet. ln bringing about the upward movement of the valves 2O and 31 after this first time, as will be explained later, the pipe 26 may become full of water lts sea-t then before the valve 31 becomes fully uplifted.

ln case the pipe becomes full by the time the valve 2O becomes seated, the counter-pressure, on the valve, of the overflow Afrom the pipe, tends to cause the valve to unseat. This counter-pressure is slight, because of being upon but a small area, and is more than counterbalanced by an increase in the upward pressure on the diaphragm incident to the water meeting with frictional resistance in flowing into and through the pipe, the flow into the pipe increasing (possibly beginning) the moment the valve becomes seated, so the valve is retained on its seat.

The lower portion of the pressure chamber .12 is made small, so that, in case the valve 31 does not become fully uplifted by the water within the pipe, a small supply in the pressure chamber rises to a level somewhat above phase of operation is illustrated by F ig. l

water-column which presses upward on the diaphragm and uplifts the valve S1. This excepting that water-lines on Fig. 1 indicate a later period, when the water is compressing or expelling the inclosed air and has nearly filled the pressure chamber. Fig. 1 shows the check valve open, as when air is being expelled.

The supply in thc pressure chamber, excepting a small amount which is the Yfirst to enter7 (this amount being determined by the wav in which the valve 31 becomes fully uplifted,) in the course of filling that chamber, adds more and more to the height of the water-column, and serves to press the valves 31, 43, and 2O Yfirmly on their seats and prevent leakage.

The reservoir 13, Fig. receives inflow from the pressure chamber' through the orifice 19, but becomes filled mainly by receiving overflow from the pressure chamber at the top of the tube 15. The water passes from the pressure chamber 12- over into the chamber 14 at the edge 17, and the air displaced by this overflow passes upward by the side of the non-overflow edge 1S.

The supply in the overflow chamber 14 counter-presses the diaphragm. The upward pressure exceeds the counter-pressure an amount which varies as the difference of water-levels in the chambers 12 and 14 varies, and this amount is sufficient to uphold the valves, though it alone were to operate, until the difference of water-levels becomes less than the measure in height of the water-column pipe. By having the upper ortion of the overflow chamber made smalll, as to the amount of space therein, there is then but little air remaining in the pump.

The valves 2O and 31 being unbalanced, the pressure of the compressed air remaining in the pumps tends to retain them on their seats, so that the difference of water-levels and the volume of air remaining in the pump become vfurther reduced, how much further depending on the amount of air pressure.

The maximum amount of compression is determined by the pressure of the supply leading to the water inlet, and usually is regulated by placing a reducing valve on the supply.

The relief valve 31 receives its name from its primary function, which is to release the unbalanced exhaust valve 'from the air pressure, so that the exhaust valve may open. To this end, the relief valve has weight somewhat in excess of the amount (preferably about twice the amount) needful to overcome the predetermined maximum amount of air pressure, so that it opens unfailingly by the time there is no remaining difference of water-levels operating to uphold it, in

Clt

other words, by the time the overflow chamber 14 is full of water. 1t opens suitably to allow the remaining inclosed air to expand through the outlet 45, and then bears on the exhaust valve, by means of the fingers 33. This phase of operation is illustrated by F ig. 2. 1n case the air had been compressed but little, the relief valve bears thus on the exhaust valve lightly, until the difference of water-levels is further reduced by the inflow.

"flhen bearing on the exhaust valve, the relief valve has completed its primary function, and is virtually a part of the exhaust valve, in that it acts simply as a weight added directly to that of thc exhaust valve. The exhaust valve, together with this added weight, is upheld, first, by pressure on the diaphragm 25 arising from any remaining diierence of water-levels in the chambers 12 and 14; second, by the pressure of the column of water in the chamber 12 on its unbalanced area; third, by any remaining air pressure on its unbalanced area 5 and fourth, by suction, if any, on the down-pipe. The fourth of these factors is controlled by conditions outside the pump. lThe third and second become null when the valve opens, so that, as to these two factors, the valve becomes more and more free to open and tends to fly open. But as to the first, the opening' movement of the valve tends to increase the difference of water-levels, because the supply in the overflow chamber moves downward with the diaphragm, and the su )ply in the pressure chamber is replenished y the inflow at the water inlet and by the water displaced, by the movement, from below the diaphragm, and any increase. in the difference of water-levels tends to re-seat the valve. Over against this tendency of the opening movement to increase the dinerence of water-levels, the greater pressure of the supply having the higher water-level tends to produce the greater outflow from the chamber having that supply, and thereby decrease the difference. ln addition to this, by having the outlet 22 smaller than the aperture presented at the seat 23, the supply in the pressure chamber tends to flow through said aperture in excess of the possible flow through the outlet 22 and in part flow into the overflow chamber through the aperture presented at the other seat. The gate 34 also serves to hasten the bringing about of an equality of water-levels, by obstructing the flow from the chamber 14 to the outlet, while not obstructing the flow from the chamber 12 into the chamber 14. r he upper portion of the pressure chamber may be made small, as by means of the reservoir 13 shown in Fig. 3, so as to further hasten the bringing about of an equality of water levels, the water lowering therein more rapidly (illustrated by water-lines on F ig. 3l by being of small volume.

The exhaust valve moves downward by the aid of the relief valve until the relief valve operates, as previously explained, to close the water inlet 5 the exhaust valve then moves a little farther downward and comes to rest on the arms of the spider; the air inlet valve 43 opens by its own weight; and air flows in while the water fiows out. During the last of this period when water is flow ing out, a head or height of water develops in the water-column pipe 26 as a result of the lowering ofthe water in the chambers 12 and 14 to a level below the top of the pipe. This head of water presses upward on the diaphragm and operates to uplift the valves 2O and 31 in very much the same way as the priming water operated, but the way in which the head develops calls for further consideration.

Continuing to use the term head7 instead of the expression difference of waterlevels, when there is but little head, the pressure lifts the valve 2O up against the fingers 33, and, if the construction is as shown in Fig. 3, the spider 3() is lifted up against the shoulder 32, and any sag in the diaphragm is taken up, and these uptake movements give place below the diaphragm for some of the water in the pipe, so that the water in the pipe lowers. Sufficient water remains in the pipe to lift the valve 31 a little, and thus open the water inlet, before the chambers 12 and 14 become fully drained. After this, the water in the pipe 26 may lower farther, how much farther being determined mainly by the amount of inflow at the water inlet during the upward movement of the exhaust valve 20, and by the force with which the inflow acts upon the valve face adapted to shut oif the inflow. These conditions vary in case the pressure producing the inflow varies, and give rise to variation as to the waterlevel in the pipe 26 at the time the exhaust valve becomes closed. The various parts are proportioned with a view to having the water-level in the pipe, at this time, such that the valve 31 becomes fully uplifted by the time the pipe is full, the filling of the pipe adding to the head so that the head will do this. In case the valve 31 is not lifted fully in this way, a small supply in the pressure chamber lifts it, as previously explained.

By having the air inlet valve normally open and closed after the exhaust valve becomes closed, the greatest possible amount of air is admitted at each operation. There are two reasons for this. One is that the air enters unobstructed. The other is that air enters because of the air within being more rare then the atmosphere (being made more rare by the suction of the water flowing out), and this comparative rarity of the air within continues for a little while after the exhaust valve becomes closed.

The spider is peculiar to this embodiment.

Yl O

Cil

When wishing to point out the construction l in a general way and at the saine time indicate clearly the directness with which the movement of' the diaphragm 25 is imparted to the relief valve, l will say, of the relief l, valve, that it is secured or connected to the diaphragm.

l am aware of U. S. Patent, No. 120,597, granted to NV. E. Prall Nov. 7, 1871, US. Patent, No. 652,559, granted to C. M. Hobby June 26, 1900; and claim l2 of U. S. Patent No. 341,673, dated May 1l, 1886.

I claim:

l. In an hydraulic air pump, the combination of a water inlet, a pressure chamber receiving its supply from the water inletand having an edge or passage for overflow tlierefrom, an overilow chamber adapted to receive overflow from the pressure chamber, a double-seat exhaust valve presenting when open an aperture at each seat and having one seat continuous with the pressure chamber and the other seat continuous with the over- 'l'low chamber, and means for opening the valve and retaining tlie valve open, whereby the chambers are drained, with means for closing the valve, and means whereby supply inthe pressure chamber tends to counterbalaiice the means for opening the valve and thus operates to retain the valve closed, and supply in the overflow chamber tends to couiiteibalaiice the aforesaid supply, thereby controlling the draining of the chambers.

2. In an hydraulic air pump, the combination of a water inlet, a pressure chamber ieceiving its supply from the water inlet and l having an edge or passage for overflow thereiiom, an overflow chamber adapted to i'eceive overiiow trom the pressure chamber, a double-seat exhaust valve presenting when open an aperture at each seat and having one seat continuous with the pressure chamber and the other seat continuous with the ovei'- flow chamber and having an. area facing in the direction of its oJening movement in communication with t e pressure chamber and an area facing in the direction of its closing movement in communication with the overflow chamber, and means 'for closingI the i valve, whereby the valve is retained closed l by pressure thereon of supply in the pressure chamber and is relieved of said pressure by counter-pressure thereon of supply in the overilow chamber, with means for opening the valve and retaining the valve open, there- 'i by controlling the draining of the cliamliers. 'i 3. In an hydraulic air pump, the combination of a compression chamber, a diaphragm i forming a bottom to the compression cham- ,V bei', an intermediate chamber below the diaphragni, a water-column pipe or chamber i communicating with the intermediate cliamber and open at its top into the compression chamber, a water inlet into the intermediate chamber, and an exhaust valve adapted to l open downward by gravity and arranged directly above the diaphragm and secured to the diaphragm, whereby the exhaust valve is guided. and closed, with means for retaining closed and releasing the exhaust valve, thereby controlling the draining of the compression chamber.

4. ln an hydraulic air pump, the combination of an overflow chamber large at its bottoni, a pressure chamber small at its bottoni and separated from the overflow chamber by a partition which forms an overflow edge and an underflow rim or end, a double seat formed on said rim or end by having a channel in the rim or end and an exhaust outlet from the channel, an exhaust diaphragmvalve forming the bottom to each of the chambers and adapted to operate in conjunction with the double seat and to open downward and present an aperture at each seat, an. intermediate chamber below the exhaust diaphragm-valve, a water inlet into the intermediate chamber, and a water-column pipe or chamber communicating with the intermediate Chamber and open at its top into and midway upward with respect to the pressure chamber, whereby the exhaust diaphragm-valve is closed and retained closed by water pressure thereon and is relieved of said pressure by water counter -pressure thereon, with means for opening and retaining open the exhaust diapliragm-valve, thereby controlling the draining of the chambers.

5. In an hydraulic air pump, the combination of a water' inlet, a pressure chamber receiving its supply from the water inlet and having an edge or passage l'or overflow therefrom, an overflow chamber adapted to re- 1 ceive overflow from the pressure chamber,

a diaphragm forming a bottom to the overlow chamber and exposed below in coiniiiunicatioii with the pressure chamber, and a reliel valve adapted to open against the Q pressure of the inclosed air by its gravity and secured or connected to the diaphragm,

with an unbalanced exhaust valve adapted to drain the chambers, means tending to open and retain open the exhaust valve, and means for closing the exhaust valve, thereby controlling the draining of the chambers, the relief valve serving to release the exhaust valve from air pressure, so that the exhaust valve may open,

6. In an hydraulic air pump, the combi- ,nation of a compression chamber, a diaphragm forming a bottom to the compression chamber, an intermediate chamber below the diaphragm, a water-column pipe or chamber communicating with the interiiiediate chamber and open at its top into the compression chamber, a water inlet looking upward into the intermediate chamber, an

unbalanced exhaust valve adapted to open downward and having but little weight and secured to the diaphragm, and a relief valve secured or connected to the diaphragm and adapted to open downward by its gravity and then 'take upon and open the exhaustvalve and then operate to close the water inlet, whereby the two valves are closed, with means for retaining closed and releasdraining of the compression chamber.

7. ln an hydraulie air pump, the Combination of an air inlet valve opening inward and downward and having a relief outlet through it, a relief valve adapted to close said Outlet and to carry upward and close said inlet valve and to open by its gravity, a water inlet, a pressure chamber receiving its supply from the water inlet and having an edge or passage for overliow therefrom, an overflow chamber' adaptedto receive overflow from the pressure chamber, a diaphragm forming a bottom to the overflow Chamber l and exposed below in cominunieation with the pressure chamber and connected to the relief valve, an exhaust valve adapted to drain the chambers, means tending to open and retain open the exhaust valve, and means for closing the exhaust valve, wl ereby the relief valve and air inlet valve are seated firmly by water pressure, and whereby the air inlet normally is open and is closed a little after the exhaust valve is closed, for the purposes specified.

8. rl'he Combination, in an hydraulic air pump, with a compression chamber formed within a easing, a water inlet, an exhaust valve, means for operating the exhaust valve, a relief air-valve adapted to open against the pressure of the inelosed air, and means for opening the relief air-valve and for closing the relief air-valve at or near the time when the exhaust valve becomes elosed, of an air inlet provided with a seat fronting and in front of the relief air-valve and formed centrally on a closure to an opening in the easing, and a diaphragm valve adapted to operate upon said seat and secured at its margin between the easing and closure and having perforations near its margin and having a relief outlet through it and adapted for seating the relief air-valve, said dial phragm valve being self guiding and easily accessible.

l l ing the relief valve, thereby c i ntrolling the l l l i l 9. An hydraulic air pump comprising a diaphragm secured between a base and dome, a pressure chamber formed within a funnel-shaped tube supported Within the dome an arm secured to and extending through the side of the dome, an overflow chamber formed between the tube and dome, an annular exhaust port formed by a channel in the lower end of the tube and an outlet leading from the channel out through the arm, an exhaust valve secured to the diaphragm, a water-column pipe secured to the edge of a central opening formed in the exhaust valve and through the diaphragm, an annular plate secured to the upper face of the diaphragm, a water inlet looking' upward below the diaphragm, a spider adapted to rest upon and Close the water inlet and having its arms secured to the lower faee of the diaphragm by being secured also to the annular plate, an air-inlet diaphragm-valve opening inward and downward and having perforations near its margin and a relief outlet through it, a relief valve adapted to open by its gravity and having loose Contact within the dome for guidance at its top and meeting the spider, fingers formed on the annular plate and adapted to take upon the exhaust valve when the relief valve the spider and the annular plate together have moved a little way downward, a gate adj aeent the outlet and united to one of the fingers, and a valved air-discharge outlet.

10. In an hydraulic air pump, a cheek valve lcomprising a seat facing upward and having a plurality of small outlets through it midway between its center and circumference, a sage forming a chamber and an outet Connection, an annular rubber disk secured at its outer edge between the seat and cage and extending over and beyond the outlets, and an annular metal disk having limited up-and-down movement within the chamber and tending downward by its gravity and adapted to press the inner edge of the rubber disk against the seat while elsewhere presenting a face at a little distance from the rubber disk when the rubber disk is resting fully on the seat.

PERRY LEWIS. lVitnesses:

REBECCA. FUNK, JN0. C. N on. 

